Reading Food Labels
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Serving Size

Always at the top of the label. It’s important to decipher between the serving size and the servings per container because the nutritional facts that follow are usually based on (1) serving.

Calories

Calories are the amount of energy we obtain from food. Figure out the total amount of calories in a product by using the following formula:

[(Carbohydrates * 4) + (Protein * 4) + (Fat * 9)]

Total Fat

Food labels are required to break down fat into categories. Avoid foods with large quantities of saturated and/or trans fats. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats are healthy fats.

Cholesterol

Avoid foods that are high in cholesterol. Try to limit daily intake to 300 mg or less.

Sodium

Avoid foods that are high in sodium. Try to limit daily intake to 2,500 mg or less.

Total Carbohydrates

Quantity and quality of carbohydrates is important.Limit your intake of simple carbohydrates and increase your intake of complex carbohydrates. Below total carbohydrates, you will find the amount of carbohydrates broken down into units of sugar and fiber.

Sugar

High sugar content is a sign of a simple carbohydrate – limit your intake of these.

Fiber 

High fiber content is a sign of a complex carbohydrate – increase your intake of these.

Protein

Aim to consume at least .75g of protein per pound of body weight. Vary the source – lean meat, fish, vegetables, and protein shakes, to name a few.

Vitamins and Minerals

Consume at least 100% of each per day; no one food will satisfy all of your requirements.

Percent (%) Daily Value

Recommendations based on a 2,000-calorie diet. Use only as a guide.

Ingredients

The most important section on the label. The ingredients are listed in descending order, with the largest listed first, as a percentage of the overall volume.Avoid foods that list high fructose corn syrup, sugar or oil in the first three ingredients. A long list generally means a lot of chemicals, additives and preservatives. “Enriched Wheat Flour” – Many companies try to trick you into believing this is wheat flour. The bran and germ are refined out, along with the vitamins and minerals, leaving nothing other than white flour.

Continue ReadingReading Food Labels
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The cardiovascular and muscular systems do not grow during exercise; they grow during rest and recovery. These systems develop by compensating for greater levels of stress, applied after subsequent workouts. If rest is not sufficient, the recuperation and regeneration process does not occur, which often results in overtraining.

Overtraining is an unfortunate, but common mistake. It’s defined as the point at which rest is no longer adequate to allow for proper recovery. The result is a decline in performance and strength that also affects our emotional and behavioral condition. Although damaging, the effects of overtraining are reversible with adequate rest and proper nutrition.

Symptoms of Overtraining 

• Chronic fatigue

• Susceptibility to injury

• Increased soreness

• Elevated Resting Heart Rate

• Poor sleep

• Propensity to get sick

• Lack of desire to workout

• Mood swings and depression

Prevention of Overtraining 

• Alternate hard and easy days.

• Maintain a healthy diet.

• Stretch and warm up.

• Allow for adequate rest in between workouts.

• Sleep at least 7 to 8 hours per night.

• Slowly increase the intensity of workouts and do not train to failure (training to failure is the point at which the first repetition fails due to inadequate muscle strength, a major cause of overtraining.)

• Vary the training routine, duration and frequency.

Continue ReadingMuscle is Not Built in the Gym
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  1. Keep your head low. When you go to breathe, don’t lift your chin up. Instead, turn your chin to the side.
  2. Relax. Don’t fight the water. The best swimmers in the world look like they are gliding along the surface.
  3. Enter the water with your hands first. Slice your hands into the water at your goggle line and drive them forward.
  4. Pull past your hips. Many beginners stop pulling and start their recovery too early.
  5. Minimize your kick. It will improve your balance and help conserve energy.
  6. Get high. Make sure your back and legs are all at the surface.
  7. Lengthen your stroke. Extend your spine and legs to make yourself as long as possible.
  8. Rock your hips. The body roll will help you naturally create more power and make it easier to breathe.
  9. Fluid strokes. They should be continuous with no stopping points or pausing.
  10. Take your time. Be calm in the water and focus on one area to improve on at a time.
Continue Reading10 Swimming Tips for Beginners
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There are three components you should include in every training plan:

Intensity is the degree of effort.

Duration is how long you perform the exercise.

Frequency is how often you do the exercise.

Here are some examples based on your goal:

Image Credit: BGI Fitness

Once you figure out your training components, there are five principles you should use to guide your training plan:

Specificity is that the training plan matches your goal, activity or sport.

Progression is that training must be gradually harder.

Overload is adequate stress for adaptation (training components).

Reversibility is that if we stop training our fitness drops.

Tedium is that training must be varied.

Here is a useful image that captures the acronym SPORT:

Continue ReadingHow to Structure a Training Plan
Compound vs. Isolation Exercises
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Compound Exercises

Compound exercises involve multi-joint movements that work several muscles at a once. These exercises tend to simulate the functional movements of everyday life, similar to the ways that people naturally lift, push or pull objects. The muscles work in unison and help stabilize the body to complete the task. For example, the squat exercise involves the quadriceps, hamstrings, calves, lower back and core. These exercises are usually incorporated with a full body workout routine and are the most efficient and functional exercises for most individuals.

  • Improve balance and coordination.

  • Increase overall strength.

  • Simulate everyday movements, like lifting boxes and moving furniture.

  • Work multiple muscle groups at once, saving time in the gym.

  • Require more strength and energy, which burns more calories.

  • Help develop the body’s core.

  • Release beneficial hormones that stimulate muscle growth.

Examples

  • Bench press

  • Squat

  • Pushup

  • Pull-up

  • Lunges

  • Shoulder press

  • Deadlift

  • Dips

Isolation exercises work only one muscle or joint at a time. These exercises do not feel as natural as compound exercises and are often used with machines instead of free weights. For example, the leg extension isolates, which isolates the quadriceps, or the bicep curl, which isolates the biceps. These exercises are usually incorporated with a split workout routine and are advantageous for individuals seeking to isolate a specific muscle to improve definition and symmetry.

Isolation Exercises

  • Increase definition.

  • Increase individual muscle size and strength.

  • Improve muscular symmetry.

  • Useful for rehabilitating an injury.

  • Less stress on joints.

Examples

  • Bicep curls

  • Chest fly’s

  • Calf raises

  • Tricep extension

  • Lateral raises

Continue ReadingCompound vs. Isolation Exercises
Water
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Why does your body need water?

1. Helps digest food and flush out waste.

2. Lubricates and cushions the joints.

3. Distributes nutrients and oxygen through the blood stream to your cells.

4. Regulates and maintains a normal body temperature.

5. Keeps tissues moist and prevents dehydration.

We lose water all of the time, from everyday things like sweat, urine and breathing. It’s an absolute necessity to replace the water for our vital functions to continue working properly. Without sufficient water intake, dehydrated will occur. Dehydration is a very serious condition that often affects people in severe heat or from strenuous activities that result in excessive perspiration and fluid loss.

Symptoms of Mild Dehydration

• Lack of saliva.

• Deep, yellow urine.

Symptoms of Medium Dehydration

• Dry mouth.

• Rapid heartbeat.

• Dry and sunken eyes.

Symptoms of Severe Dehydration

• Inability to urinate.

• No sweat.

• Lethargy, irritability and faintness.

• Vomiting and diarrhea.

The Benefits of Increasing Water Intake

• Hydrates the muscles, improving athletic performance.

• Helps you lose weight by flushing toxins and waste from the body.

• Improves skin tone and clears acne.

• Facilitates bowel movements.

• Increases energy.

• Improves digestion.

• Helps muscle recovery and reduces joint pain.

How much water should you drink per day?

It depends on several factors, including your body weight, activity level, age and the climate you live in. Officially, the Institute of Medicine recommends men consume 13 cups per day and females consume 9 cups per day. Increase your fluid intake accordingly if you’re engaged in activities that make you sweat excessively, when the weather is hot or humid and when you’re sick or ill.

• Drink a glass of water when you wake up in the morning.

• Drink a glass of water before and after every meal.

• Drink a glass of water before exercise and sip during your workout.

• Eat fresh fruits and vegetables, as they have a very high water content.

• Keep a large water bottle 16 oz – 24 oz, with you wherever you go (work, school, home

Continue ReadingWater
What is the Glycemic Index and Why is it Important?
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It’s based on a scale that ranges from 0 to 100. High GI (>70) foods are characterized by quick absorption rates and large fluctuations on blood sugar levels. Low GI (<55) foods are characterized by slow absorption rates and a gradual rise in blood sugar levels.

Less than 55 are “low” (mostly complex carbohydrates)

55 <–> 70 are “medium”

More than 70 are “high” (mostly simple carbohydrates)

The general consensus is that high GI foods should be avoided because they spike blood sugar levels, igniting the overproduction of insulin, the process that stores excess glucose as fat. The index has several flaws, however.

1. The index only lists single foods. When we combine several foods to prepare a meal, it lowers the value of the Glycemic Index.

2. Food preparation (boiling, frying, baking, etc.) alters the value of the Glycemic Index.

3. The Glycemic Index is not a one size fits all; people have different individual blood glucose responses and individual results may vary.

4. Foods that are considered unhealthy have low GI values (i.e. ice cream, cake, chocolate).

Here is a helpful chart by SPS Thrive. 

Continue ReadingWhat is the Glycemic Index and Why is it Important?
Why You Need Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates, or “starchy” foods are made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley and other grain products. It’s a common misconception that grain products like bread, cereal and pasta are fattening. They’re only fattening when we add condiments like butter, jelly, and mayonnaise. Products such as cakes, doughnuts and muffins are fattening because of the added oil and sugar when they’re manufactured. Grain products can be broken down into two types.

Carbohydrates provide fuel for our body. The building blocks of carbohydrates are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. As we ingest carbohydrates, they are turned into glucose and distributed through our bloodstream as a source of energy to fuel the muscles and brain. If they are not needed immediately, the carbohydrates will be converted into glycogen and stored in the muscles and liver for future use (like an energy reserve). Any excess carbohydrates that cannot be used as glucose or stored as glycogen, are converted to fatty acids, or body fat.

Carbohydrates can be broken down into two categories, simple and complex.

Simple Carbohydrates – “Sugar,” “High GI,” “Artificial”

These carbohydrates, such as chocolate and soda are “simple” because they’re easily broken down and digested. They rush into our bloodstream, absorb quickly and provide a quick boost of energy. The body’s natural defense mechanism is to trigger the hormone insulin to help neutralize the sugar. The insulin does its job, but it decreases our blood sugar to levels below normal. This results in a “sugar crash,” the sense of needing more fuel, energy and calories, leaving us craving more simple carbohydrates and reigniting the cycle. We end up eating more calories than we need and the body’s only option is to store the excess carbohydrates as fat.

Simple carbohydrates are usually processed or refined and considered “empty calories” because they do not provide any nutritional benefits. These foods are void of vitamins and minerals. They’ve been shown to cause wild swings in blood sugar levels, which leads to cravings, compulsive eating, weight gain and even mood swings. Over consumption of simple carbohydrates has been associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other diseases.

These products have been milled to remove the wheat and germ. The reason food manufacturers do this is because it produces a finer texture and it improves the shelf life of the product. The problem is that this process removes the healthiest part of the grain, the elements that contain all of the vitamins and fiber. These foods are characteristically white, or light in color. Not all simple carbohydrates are bad, however. Natural, unprocessed carbohydrates such as fruit and honey contain digestive enzymes, vitamins and other nutritional benefits.

Examples of Simple Carbohydrates

  • Table Sugar

  • Corn Syrup

  • Fruit Juice

  • Candy

  • Cake

  • White Flour

  • Soda

  • Chocolate

While it is important for your diet to consist primarily of whole grains, due to the enhanced composition of nutrients and slow absorption rate, it is beneficial to consume refined or simple carbohydrates post exercise.

During the exercise or workout, your muscles use glucose (available fuel) and glycogen (stored fuel) for energy. When you use up both of these energy sources, your body produces a hormone called cortisol, which is very harmful to the body because it causes stress and catabolic effects on muscle tissue. However, simple carbs help restore the muscle glycogen that was depleted during exercise and they release insulin which helps move vital nutrients through the blood stream, preventing muscle breakdown while promoting efficient recovery.

Complex Carbohydrates – “Starchy,” “Low GI,” “Natural”

These carbohydrates, such as grains and vegetables, are “complex” because our digestive system has to work harder to break them down. They digest slowly, resulting in a steady stream of energy flowing into our bloodstream. These carbohydrates do not produce an overproduction of insulin because they do not overwhelm our body with a large amount of sugar all at once. The time-release effect keeps us feeling full longer, stabilizes blood sugar levels and provides a sustained energy source – keeping our energy at an even level.

Complex carbohydrates are natural, whole foods and they offer several nutritional advantages over simple carbohydrates. These products contain the entire grain kernel, the part of the grain that contains all of the vitamins, minerals and fiber. These foods are characteristically brown, or light in color and contain high fiber content, as well as slow absorption rates that do not have a profound effect on blood sugar levels. These foods inherently contain more vitamins, minerals and digestion improving, fiber. Diets rich in complex carbohydrates have been shown to lower cholesterol, and reduce the risk of high blood pressure and heart disease.

Examples of Complex Carbohydrates

  • Brown Rice

  • Beans

  • Whole Wheat

  • Oatmeal

  • Potatoes

  • Pasta

  • Whole Grains

Key words to help you identify whole grains are “whole wheat,” “whole grain,” “100% wheat,” “multi-grain.” Another trick to identify whole grains is to look at the fiber content on the nutrition label, as whole grains inherently contain high amounts of fiber. Most of your diet should be comprised of these types of carbohydrates.

Continue ReadingWhy You Need Carbohydrates
What is the Difference Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise?
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The reason is because exercise can be broken down into two different categories, aerobic and anaerobic. The two types differ by duration, intensity and how energy is generated in the muscle.

Aerobic exercise refers to any moderately intense activity over a relatively long period of time, where your heart has an increased demand for oxygen, such as running, cycling or swimming. It improves the heart, lungs and cardiovascular system. The byproduct of aerobic training is carbon dioxide, which is expelled easily through breathing.

Anaerobic exercise refers to any short, high intensity activity, such as weight lifting, sprinting and sports like soccer. It improves muscular strength, flexibility, mobility and coordination. The byproduct of anaerobic training is lactic acid, the source of muscle fatigue.

A well-balanced exercise program includes aerobic and anaerobic workouts.

Aerobic Fitness

Synonyms: ‘Respiratory’ ‘Cardiovascular’ ‘Endurance’

Aerobic means “with oxygen” and it’s defined as any physical activity of moderate intensity for a prolonged period of time that demands an increased need for oxygen. Aerobic exercise is synonymous with “cardio,” or any activity that overloads the heart and lungs and causes them to work harder. For example, running a long distance at a medium pace. If the activity is intermittent or not continuous, it’s not aerobic (repetitions or sets followed by periods of rest).

The heart, lungs and blood vessels work to pump oxygen throughout the body. The rate at which the body can utilize and remove oxygen circulating in the blood, determines the aerobic capacity of the cardiovascular system. In other words, an individual’s endurance level is determined by how well the body can transport oxygen to the muscles. The waste products of aerobic activities are carbon dioxide and water.

Cardiovascular Benefits

  • Strengthens and enlarges the heart muscle.

  • Lowers the resting heart rate, which means blood is transporting oxygen to the muscles and organs more efficiently.

  • Improves circulation and reduces blood pressure.

  • Strengthens the lungs and facilitates the flow of oxygen.

  • Increases the total number of red blood cells.

  • Helps to prevent blood clots by increasing the size of the arteries.

  • Reduces the risk for diabetes.

  • Increases metabolism.

Performance Benefits

  • Enhances cardiovascular endurance and stamina.

  • Increases threshold for lactic acid.

  • Improves recovery time.

  • Reduces fat.

  • Increases metabolic rate.

  • Reduces stress and boost mental performance.

Examples of Aerobic Exercise

  • Climbing

  • Cycling

  • Cross-country Skiing

  • Dancing

  • Jumping Rope

  • Rowing

  • Running

  • Skating

  • Stair Climbing

  • Swimming

  • Walking

Anaerobic Fitness

Synonyms: ‘Weight Lifting’ ‘Calisthenics’ ‘Muscle Stamina and Endurance’

Anaerobic means, “without oxygen,” and is referred to any physical activity that produces energy without the help of oxygen. Anaerobic exercises are characterized by short, intense bursts of activity, such as sprinting or weight lifting. These exercises demand energy requirements that exceed what is supplied by breathing, so the body is forced to work without oxygen, making it a far less efficient process.

“Fast twitch” muscle fibers are used to create anaerobic energy. These muscle fibers excel in quick, powerful bursts, but they have a much faster rate of fatigue. Anaerobic exercises generally last from a few seconds up to about 2 minutes and they help to build strength, speed, and power. The byproduct of aerobic exercise is lactic acid, the result of a burning sensation in the muscles that ultimately causes fatigue and exhaustion.

Performance Benefits

  • Increases muscle mass.

  • Builds speed, strength and power.

  • Improves physical appearance by toning and firming the body.

  • Muscle burns more calories.

  • Lowers blood sugar.

Cardiovascular Benefits

  • Strengthens bones and hardens joints.

  • Increases metabolism.

  • Improves posture.

  • Improves blood circulation.

Examples of Anaerobic Exercise

  • Weightlifting (lifting dumbbells/barbells)

  • Calisthenics (push-up, pull-up, sit-up)

  • Isometrics (plank, superman, wall squat, static exercises)

  • Interval Training (short bursts of intense activity)

Continue ReadingWhat is the Difference Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise?
Protein
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Protein is the building block of muscles and organs. It’s also a component in our skin, hair, bones and tendons. Protein is critical for the body to build, repair and generate new tissues. Composed of a sequence of amino acids, 14 of which the body is able to produce on its own, and the remaining, called Essential Amino Acids – those of which we must obtain from the foods we eat.

Animal sources such as, meat, milk, eggs and fish, are very high in protein content. These foods are considered complete proteins because they contain all of the Essential Amino Acids. Thus, provide the perfect source for building muscle. The only drawback to animal protein is that it contains more fat and cholesterol, and less fiber than its vegetable counterpart. Studies also show that animal protein is associated with a higher rate of disease, obesity and cholesterol.

Vegetable, or plant protein, such as beans, peas and nuts, are considered incomplete proteins because they’re deficient in one or more Essential Amino Acids. The advantages of vegetable proteins are lower fat content and more fiber. However, vegetables have much lower levels of total protein per serving.

The Biological Value (BV) of protein is a measure of how well the body can absorb and utilize protein. Foods with high Biological Value’s (BV) are considered the highest quality and the most effective at promoting lean muscle gains.

Egg: 100

Milk: 91

Fish: 83

Lean Beef: 80

Chicken Breast: 79

Soy: 74

Brown Rice: 57

Peanuts: 55

As a general rule of thumb, daily protein intake should be at least .75g per pound of body weight, from a variety of food sources. Sports supplements, such as protein powder, offer a viable option for increasing protein intake.

Continue ReadingProtein
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Poor sleep negatively impacts your hormones, mood, and brain function. It can also lead to weight gain and increase risk for disease and infection. Regrettably, four out of five people say they suffer from sleep problems at least once per week and wake up feeling exhausted.

How much sleep do you need?

Age, genetics, lifestyle and environment all play a role, but most scientific studies show that people who sleep seven hours a night are healthier and live longer.

Here are some tips to help improve your sleep

1. Light

Increase bright light exposure during the day and reduce blue light (TV, Smartphone, Computer, etc.) exposure during the evening. This will help your body keep its natural time-keeping clock known as the circadian rhythm.

2. Time

Go to bed at the same time every night. Wake up at the same time every morning and don’t sleep in on the weekends. Keep a set schedule for other activities, such as meals, exercise, hobbies and other activities to keep your body in sync.

3. Exercise

Workout in the morning instead of in the evening. Strenuous exercise at night can leave your heart rate elevated, while boosting adrenaline and epinephrine, which are hormones that increase alertness.

4. Environment

Make your bedroom peaceful and relaxing. Dim the lights, use calming candles or essential oils, blackout the curtains and minimize external noise. Don’t use your bed for watching TV, going on the computer, eating or drinking. Keep the temperature at 70 degrees or below, as studies show that increased body and bedroom temperature can decrease sleep quality and increase wakefulness.

5. Nutrition

Do not eat heavy meals close to bedtime. Avoid caffeine after 2pm because it can stay elevated in your blood stream for 8-10 hours. Do not drink alcohol, as it decreases HGH, which plays a critical role in your circadian rhythm, resulting in disrupted sleep patterns.

6. No naps

Sleeping during the daytime can confuse your internal clock and make it difficult to sleep at night.

7. Supplements

L-theanine: An amino acid that promotes relaxation.

Tart Cherry Juice: Contains melatonin, which is a sleep hormone that tells your brain it’s time to sleep.

Magnesium: A mineral that improves relaxation and sleep quality.

Valerian Root: An herb that reduces anxiety and improves sleep quality.

Lavender: A plant oil that has a soothing and relaxing fragrance.

8. Relax

Take a hot bath or shower to help your body relax. Try meditation or yoga before bed to clear your mind.

Continue ReadingSleep Tips
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How many times do you get home from a run or a ride and notice a layer of salt on your clothing and skin?

It’s estimated that athletes lose up to 2,000 mg per liter of sweat. For example, studies have found that football and tennis players lose 800 to 8,500 mg of sodium over two hours of activity.

How much is necessary?

You’ve probably heard that most American eat too much sodium. The FDA dietary guidelines recommend no more than 2,300mg of sodium consumption per day, yet the average American consumes 3,400 mg of sodium per day. Most of that sodium intake comes from processed foods. Canned peas for example have 3x more sodium than frozen peas.

What about athletes?

Athletes however, eat less processed foods and more whole foods, so their sodium intake is much lower. Plus, they sweat a lot more than the average person, so the recommendation provided by the FDA is harmful to athletes. It’s very likely they are losing the daily 2,300 mg of sodium in just one hour or less of physical activity. Factors that influence how much sodium is excreted in sweat include body mass, training level, temperature, clothing, gender and heat/humidity.

Why does sodium get a bad rap?

Ancient cultures prized salt and it was even used as a form of payment. For years doctors have told us that diets high in sodium may increase the risk of developing high blood pressure, which is a major cause of heart disease and stroke, but new research contradicts the notion that all sodium is bad. In fact, recent studies have shown that low-salt diets are detrimental to health and are associated with higher mortality rates.

Why is sodium important?

Sodium is a mineral and electrolyte that is very important for bodily function. It helps maintain fluid balance inside and outside of the cells, promotes a healthy pH balance in the blood, assists in removing waste and carrying nutrients, and ensures that the nerves, muscles, heart and brain function properly.

If you lose too much sweat while working out or racing, it can severely affect your performance. In fact, a study found that athletes who replaced sodium lost in their sweat finished a triathlon 26 minutes faster than those who didn’t. Low levels of sodium decreases blood plasma volume and makes your cardiovascular system work harder to deliver oxygen and nutrients to your muscles. The immediate side effects of low sodium are increased fatigue, loss of concentration and muscle cramps.

How much sodium should athletes consume?

Athletes require more sodium than the general population, but it’s difficult to recommend an exact amount because it varies from individual to individual. While there are lab tests that can give you a more accurate assessment of your sodium loss rate, it probably isn’t necessary. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends 500-700 mg of sodium per hour. Though, if you are unconditioned, training in heat/humidity or notice a lot of salt streaks on your clothing, you probably need more than that.

What type of salt is the best?

You should always choose unrefined sea salt. It contains 82 percent sodium chloride and the rest is made up of essential minerals like magnesium, calcium, iodine, potassium and selenium. Refined salt is 100 percent sodium chloride has no trace elements and contains many additives.

The best type of salt for athletes is Pink Himalayan Salt and Celtic Sea Salt. Pink Himalayan salt is extracted from mines from the Punjab region of Pakistan and it gets its beautiful color due to the presence of iron and 84 trace minerals. Celtic Salt is harvested by hand using a 2000 year old Celtic traditional technique in Brittany, France, and it gets its grey color due to the presence of magnesium.

Celtic Salt and Pink Himalayan Salt

Celtic Salt and Pink Himalayan Salt

How to get more salt in your diet?

Liberally salt your food at all meals. Before training try to get in 300 to 500 mg of sodium and during training follow the recommended 500 to 700 mg of sodium per hour. Weigh yourself before and after training to calculate how many pounds of water weight you lost. For every pound of weight lost, drink 16-24 ounces of water.

Continue ReadingSodium is Crucial for Endurance Athletes
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There are many variables to look at when shopping for running shoes, such as brand, price, breathability, stability, flexibility, comfort, durability, performance and weight. The latter is often overlooked, yet it’s an important part of your training toolkit and racing strategy.

Every runner has his or her own individual priorities and preferences, but weight is a variable that you can use to your advantage. It can drastically improve speed, pace and race times. Here’s why:

Take an average person who is 5 feet and 7 inches tall and averages an 8:00/mile pace. Over the course of one mile, that individual will take 1,315 steps. For each ounce of extra shoe weight that translates to 82 lbs of additional weight lifted over the course of a mile. A marathon? The average person takes 55,000 steps. That’s a lot of extra impact on your joints and a surefire way to accumulate muscle fatigue! Think about how much you can save by dropping your shoe weight by 1, 2, 3, 4 or more ounces.

Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder partnered with Nike and conducted a study to see how the weight of running shoes affects speed. They recruited a group of sub-20 minute 5K runners for the study and led them through a series of tests on the university’s indoor track. They had the runners perform three different 3,000m time trial runs in three different pairs of shoes. A normal pair, and two additional pairs that were identical except weighted down by 100 grams and 300 grams, respectively, of lead pellets inside the shoe tongues. The results of the study showed that the runners ran 1% slower for each 100 grams (3.5 oz) of lead added to the shoes.

Imagine the difference that makes over the course of a marathon. For example, a 3 hour and 30 minute marathoner could shave 2 minutes off their time with shoes that are 3.5 oz lighter.

However, it’s not that simple. Reducing shoe weight can be counterproductive because it may cause you to expend more energy, as your body must absorb the shock. Essentially, if the shoe is too light, it forces your muscles to compensate for support, so proper cushioning reduces the overall energy cost of running.

The trick is to use shoe weight to your advantage. You can do this by training in a heavy shoe and racing in a light shoe. The benefit is two fold. The extra weight during training will strengthen your leg muscles and the switch to a light shoe will provide a mental boost on race day.

For example, use the Adidas Ultraboost 20 Running shoes, which weigh approximately 11 oz for training purposes, while using the Reebok Floatride Run Fast shoes, which weigh only 6.9 oz for racing!

Adidas Ultraboost 20 (11 ounces)

Adidas Ultraboost 20 (11 ounces)

Reebok Floatride Run Fast (6.9 ounces)

Reebok Floatride Run Fast (6.9 ounces)

Continue ReadingWhy You Should Train in Heavy Running Shoes
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Turmeric has been used in South Asia for thousands of years in food, culture and medicine. Pots discovered near New Delhi uncovered residue from turmeric that dates back as early as 2500 BCE. Turmeric is an important part of the ancient Indian system of Ayurveda, which means “science of life” and is based on using natural plants to treat a variety of health ailments.

Turmeric is part of the ginger family and its botanical name is Curcuma longa. It’s a plant that is three feet high and produces both a flower and a rhizome, which is a stem found underground. The rhizome is a root-like stem that produces the yellow turmeric spice.

Curcumin, the chemical compound found in turmeric has powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Topical application of turmeric paste is used to treat sprains, cuts, swelling, infections and more. Oral consumption may alleviate indigestion, menstrual pains, arthritis and general body aches. Recent research suggests that turmeric is as effective as ibuprofen for reducing pain and inflammation.

Turmeric is most widely used in food and cooking. It’s a staple ingredient in many Asian dishes, giving them a mustard-like, earthy aroma with a slight bitter taste. It’s a principle ingredient in curry powders, but also used in a variety of other products, such as baked goods, dairy, ice cream, yogurt, cereal and sauces.

Aside from culinary uses, turmeric has religious and lifestyle purposes as well. It’s considered auspicious and sacred by the Hindu religion. Many Indian wedding traditions include the application of a turmeric paste called Haldi on the bride and groom. The age-old tradition is a symbol of blessing for the couple and a healthy marital life. Due to its vibrant yellow color, turmeric is often used as a dye in clothing and textiles.

If you are going to take turmeric as a supplement, it’s important to combine it with black pepper because it helps increase the bioavailability of turmeric.

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Continue ReadingGrab Some Turmeric Before Reaching for Ibuprofen
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The average full-distance Ironman event (not that there’s anything “average” about it) consists of a 2.4 mile swim and a 112 mile bike ride and a 26.2 mile marathon. For reasons unknown the Ironman Chattanooga bike route was 116 miles, for a total distance of 144.6 miles rather than the usual 140.6. Most full-distance Ironman events begin at 7:00am. Chattanooga, however, is near the western end of its time zone. To avoid having participants swim in the dark, the pro men started at 7:20am, the pro women at 7:25am and the age groupers were in a rolling start beginning at 7:30am.

The race was officially scheduled to end at midnight. Crossing the finish line later, even a few seconds into the next day would constitute a DNF. On May 17, 2014 at Ironman Texas I staggered across the finish line at 11:12pm. Given that the Chattanooga race started half an hour later and the distance was four miles longer, my principal goal was to make that midnight cutoff. I was more than a little worried about it.

For months Deedee and I trained together extensively to prepare for this event, but a few weeks before the race a pair of dogs knocked her down during a run. With an injured, swollen ankle, she was unable to train further or compete in the event, much to her disappointment. Though her Ironman journey was temporarily thwarted, she changed her plans, volunteered at the medical tent and appeared at tactically chosen vantage points during my race to cheer me on. She will race in 2016.

Swim Segment
Several days before the race I visited the swim start, up the Tennessee River from the Ross’s Landing transition area. The view downstream from there, to the south, is long and straight, before curving westward. The island we had to swim past and the three bridges we had to swim beneath were hidden from view. From there the swim looked like 8 miles, rather than 2.4 miles. The course was marked by yellow and orange buoys, with one final red buoy at the swim exit.

At 5:00am on race day I waited in the dark with Deedee and 3,000 others. For a couple of hours we talked nervously with those around us, stood in line at portable toilets and wondered just how much benefit the current would provide. At 7:15am we stood while someone sang the Star Spangled Banner. In what seemed like only moments the pros were off, and then the huddled masses marched down to the dock, crossed the timing chip sensor and jumped into the water, four or five at a time.

The Tennessee River at Chattanooga is about as wide as the James River at Richmond, but the surface is smoother and there are no rapids. When my turn came I placed my hand on my goggles and jumped with the others. My grip slipped, and immediately upon hitting the water my goggles came off. I thrashed about and grabbed them. Once the eyewear was securely in place I swam at a deliberate angle away from the river bank, headed for the middle of the waterway where the current presumably was stronger.

Being a slow swimmer, in open water usually I am run over, hit, kicked and otherwise assaulted. Here, however, there was less congestion and carnage. Swimmers were directed to pass to the left side of Maclellan Island, and as the channel narrowed it was relatively more crowded, but even there the traditional Ironman violence was less pronounced. One swimmer hit me with his downstroke and pushed me briefly under the water, but that was the only incident and it seemed inadvertent.

Beneath the bridges I took a moment to glance upward at the cheering onlookers leaning over railings high above. In long distance endurance events the support of spectators is critical. Even in a crowd of competitors sometimes one feels very alone, and in this event, as far as I am aware I was the only participant from Richmond.

Finally I reached the final, bright red buoy and headed for the bank of the river. As I hauled myself from the water at the swim exit, a volunteer grabbed my arm and helped me up the carpeted stairs. My swim time was 1:21:46, compared to 1:44:24 in Texas the year before, so this represented a PR by nearly 23 minutes. In the months leading up this event I spent endless miles in the pool, but most of this improvement must be attributed to the downstream swim rather than to improvements in my technique. Swimming with the current is like cycling with a tailwind. You don’t feel it, but you move much more swiftly than you would without it.

First Transition
I did not finalize my T1 plan before the race, leaving open the option of whether to ride in a wet tri kit with limited pocket space and thin padding, or my bike kit. As I grabbed my bike gear bag and ran into the men’s tent, I decided to go with the bike kit, even though the re-wardrobing would mean a longer transition. After changing, eating several Honey Stinger wafers and taking a break at the portable toilet, I trotted to the bike rack (bikes with race number 2800 and higher were in a special geezer section) and grabbed the machine. I had to pause to ensure that the Garmin was mounted securely and operational, and then ran for the exit. I saw Sophie (She Who Must Be Obeyed) cheering for me along the fence holding spectators back from the road. My T1 time was an appalling 16:35.

Bike Segment
A few days before the race I drove the bike route with Anne-Christine, a friend I met earlier this year at the Raleigh half Ironman. The course took an 11 mile circuitous route to a hilly 47 mile loop, mostly in Georgia, around which we would ride twice, then 11 miles back to T2. I expected the second loop to be more demanding than the first, and I was right.

Drafting is not permitted. There is no peloton in an Ironman triathlon. To avoid being penalized (or disqualified for repeated violations) a rider must stay five bike lengths behind the next bike unless a pass is underway, and that pass must take no longer than 20 seconds. Following this rule can be difficult in the early stages of the ride when bikes are bunched together, particularly in this race, with its fast swim.

My bike strategy included focus on restraint and efficiency. To save some juice for the marathon I had to resist the temptation to go full throttle, and I planned to skip most of the rest stops. With one stop approximately every 15 miles, that’s more than necessary, especially as I carried Gu Chocolate Outrage gels in my saddle bag.

The congestion cleared after about 25 miles. I rode in the aerobars, concentrating on the road ahead. Over time a loosely defined group coalesced, an accretion of riders of similar strength and endurance. Repeatedly I passed a few riders, and several miles later, the same riders passed me. One of these was a woman wearing bright red, riding a black Trek bike. She seemed extremely focused.

The southernmost tip of the loop was a fast downhill, interrupted by a sharp left turn onto Hog Jowl Road. I was prepared, having seen this during the drive, but on the first loop as I braked and made the turn, the rider to my right was going too fast and missed it. He was smart enough not to try to make the turn at high velocity. Instead he rode on, to turn around and recapture the route.

Bike special needs bags were available at the 50 mile point. I stopped, wolfed down several more Honey Stinger wafers and a bag of potato chips, and chatted with a group of spectators who had ensconced themselves there to see the action.

With 67 miles down and 49 miles to go, I was tucked into the aero position and pumping the pedals at an 80 rpm cadence to maintain a steady 22 mph pace. The road was straight and flat and the wind roared in my ears. Far ahead, a man in blue moved to pass a woman wearing pink. As he overtook her, she swerved left and they collided. Two people and two bikes hit the pavement, rolled and tumbled, coming to rest staggered across the double yellow line. By the time I reached them, both pink and blue were on their feet, wheeling broken bikes to the side of the road. For these two, sadly, it looked like their race was over. They appeared to be uninjured except for some road rash.

At 98 miles I rolled through a small Georgia town. Cheering spectators lined the road, motivating me to a moment of intellectual reflection. Here I was, a middle-of-the pack overaged amateur athlete from a city hundreds of miles away, and these people were out there cheering for me and wishing me well. I smiled to myself and vowed to do my best. Four miles later I heard a familiar voice shout “GO RICK!” At the edge of the pavement Deedee jumped up and down, cheering. I yelled my thanks and redoubled my effort. Heading back toward Chattanooga, I banked into a right turn and stepped up the pace. As I did so, the red-kitted woman on the black Trek time trial bike passed me. “I’ve seen you a lot today,” she said, “and I’m going to take care of that right now.” After those words she did to me what the road runner does to the coyote. She disappeared into the distance and I knew it would be pointless to try to catch her. That was just fine, as I was riding my own race.

After 116 miles I rolled into T2. Sophie stood cheering at the entrance. She doesn’t come to all my races, and I was very pleased she was present. I smiled, shouted and waved as I rode by. At the dismount line I jumped from the bike, handed it off to a volunteer and ran into the transition area. My bike time for 116 miles was 6:39:08, compared to 6:59:51 for 112 miles last year in Texas.

Second Transition
I ran into the changing tent, stripped, dressed and ate some lemon chomps I’d stashed in the run gear bag. To reduce the chances of chafing I applied Glide to some more sensitive areas. Time spent in T2 was 12:48, which was much too long. I need to work on that.

Run Segment
My training partners know that my running technique is unburdened by talent. Training for Chattanooga I ran (albeit slowly) much more than I did while training for Texas. In that race I walked more than 20 of the 26.2 miles. My plan for Chattanooga involved running about half the marathon. I can walk a steady 15 minute mile for a significant distance. That’s a fast walk. I can trudge 10 or 11 minute miles for a moderate distance. That’s a slow run, but it means that for every trudged mile I can cut at least four minutes from my total time.

The marathon course covered two loops and repeatedly crossed the river. The first half of each loop was relatively flat and the second half was agonizingly hilly. Rest stops were ubiquitous. There must have been one every mile, and at every stop I consumed water, Gatorade, a banana and some of whatever else was available. As a committed vegetarian, I skipped the chicken broth that was handed out after the sunset, but I will concede that it looked and smelled good.

In my casual fashion, I trotted from T2. At about mile five Deedee stood at the side of the road urging me on. I ran another few miles, walked a bit, then ran some more. Near the end of the flat part of the first loop, a high school marching band with horns, drums and more, played invigorating music to keep us moving. The second half of the loop was steep and horrific. Climbing the hills was agony. Descending on the other side of the hills was painful. I really don’t want to say anything else about it because to do so I’ll have to remember it.

At mile 13 I stopped to access my special needs bag, extracting potato chips, a We Heart Harlie shirt, Vaseline for my blistering toes and a fresh pair of socks. Clearly Deedee was using her portable transporter device, because she was there.

I walked most of the second loop. After sunset the temperature dropped, and I was glad of the Harlie shirt for its added warmth. To my pleasant surprise the high school band was still playing, its teenagers tired but hanging in there. The hills on the second half of the second loop were steeper and longer than the first time around, but even in the dark, spectators stood and cheered as I sauntered past.

Finally the finisher chute was before me, and I jacked it up to a run for the cameras. Sophie and Deedee were both there yelling and cheering as I crossed the finish line, somewhere around 10:40pm, which of course was well on the safe side of the midnight cutoff. My marathon time was 6:37:17, which is about 24 minutes faster than my time of 7:01:15 in Texas last year.

Conclusion
I was the 44th finisher out of 75 people in my age group. My total time was 15:07:34 which was an hour, four and a half minutes faster than my 16:12:05 time at Ironman Texas last year.

The volunteers were great. Then again, Tennessee is the Volunteer state so maybe this should not have been a surprise.

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What is Running Cadence and Why is it Important?

Continue ReadingRick Tangard’s Ironman Chattanooga Race Recap
  • Post category:Training

What is Running Cadence?

Running cadence is defined as the total number of steps you take per minute and it’s a useful tool to analyze your running form and efficiency. While there is no universal target cadence because every runner has a different body anatomy (taller runners will naturally have lower cadences), it’s beneficial to monitor and track cadence to become a better runner. It can help you break through plateaus and prevent injury.

History of Cadence

The history of cadence dates back to the 1984 Olympics, when a famous running coach named Jack Daniels made a significant observation. Sitting in the stands, he counted steps as the runners passed by and realized that the fastest and most efficient runners had a cadence of at least 180 steps per minute, with some of them reaching as high as 200.

Most beginner runners have a cadence between 160-170 steps per minute, while advanced runners have a cadence between 170-180, and elite runners have a cadence of 180 and higher. Height, weight, leg length, and stride length all factor into optimal cadence. Advanced runners have a higher cadence than beginners because they are moving faster.

Why is Cadence Important?

Cadence is important because running speed is determined by stride length and stride rate. The shorter your stride length and the quicker your stride, the higher your cadence and the faster you run. On the other hand, if you have longer strides, or “overstride,” that correlates to a slower cadence. It also increases your susceptibility to injury because runners who overstride tend to lock their knees and crash down hard on their heels.

Increasing cadence is not just about moving your feet faster. It means changing the position where you foot lands so that it aligns better with your center of gravity. You want your foot to land underneath your body instead of in front of your hips. This will decrease your stride length and improve foot turnover, so you are moving forward more efficiently. It’s also less impact on your bones and joints because you’re spending less time in the air. A study in 2011 found that a 5% increase in running cadence results in 10% reduced stress on the knee and hip.

How to Measure Cadence?

Most smartwatches can measure running cadence, but if you don’t have one you can count the number of times your right foot hits the ground in 30 seconds and multiply it by four. It’s important to note that your cadence will vary based on the type of training run that you’re doing. For example, you will have a lower cadence on a long, slow run than a fast tempo or interval workout.

How to Improve Cadence?

First, make sure that you have a specific and realistic cadence goal. You should aim to increase your cadence by 5 to 10 percent. For example, if your base running cadence is 160 SPM, then your goal cadence should be 168 to 176. It may feel strange at first, but after some time it will become natural. Try these tips to make the process easier:

Lighter Shoes: Dropping one ounce from a pair of running shoes will save you lifting 675 pounds during an hour run.

Run to a Beat: Practice running with a small digital metronome set to a specific rhythm (your desired cadence), or you can find playlists on streaming platforms that are set to a specific bpm.

Focus on Small Steps: Don’t worry about running faster, instead try to execute shorter strides.

Use a Treadmill: Practicing on a treadmill is easier because you can set the speed to stay the same.

Continue ReadingWhat is Running Cadence and Why is it Important?
  • Post category:Training

Unfortunately, cycling doesn’t tone your abs directly, but it can certainly help you lose weight and reveal them with proper diet and exercise. It’s a great core workout because the abdominal muscles keep your body stable while you pedal. The muscles contract isometrically to provide stability and the constant contractions tone the muscles.

To get the best results while cycling, tense your stomach muscles to pull your navel inwards and pull your stomach tightly and downwards slightly. Tight abs enable you to pedal stronger and more efficiently. Additionally, it helps take the pressure off your lower back muscles, which helps you stay strong and injury-free.

If you want a more direct approach to building your abs, try bicycle crunches.

  1. Lay down on the floor with your lower back pressed to the ground and bend your knees. Your feet should be on the floor and your hands behind your head.

  2. Contract your core muscles and draw in your abdomen to stabilize your spine.

  3. Slowly raise your knees to about a 90-degree angle, lifting your feet from the floor.

  4. Go through a bicycle pedal motion, bringing one knee up towards your armpit while straightening the other leg. Keep both legs elevated higher than your hips.

  5. Rotate your torso so you can touch your elbow to the opposite knee.

  6. Alternate and twist to the other side while drawing that knee towards your armpit and the other leg extended until your elbow touches the alternate knee.

  7. Aim for 15 to 20 repetitions and three sets.


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Make sure you do not twist from your neck while doing bicycle crunches, which can put pressure and strain on your neck.

Do not rock and lift your hips, and try to keep the movement stable.

Ensure your legs are extended off the ground and not too low when doing the movement, which can strain your spine and hips.

Continue ReadingDoes Cycling Help Abs?
  • Post category:Training

Nutrition

1. Eat small, frequent meals or snacks.

2. Include healthy fats from nuts, fish and oil (extra virgin olive, avocado, sesame).

3. Choose natural foods, whole grains and complex carbohydrates.

4. Eat plenty of vegetables.

5. Drink 8-10 glass of water per day.

6. Eliminate “white” carbohydrates and processed foods.

7. Control portion sizes.

8. Consume at least .75g of protein per pound of body weight.

9. Avoid soda and alcoholic beverages that are high in calories.

10. Take a multivitamin supplement and extra vitamin D if you don’t get enough sun.



Fitness

1. Use full body workouts and choose compound exercises.

2. Hydrate before, during and after exercise.

3. Increase the weight, intensity, time or speed of each workout.

4. Do not train to failure.

5. Drink a whey protein shake with simple carbs immediately following the workout.

6. Keep a workout journal and create fitness goals.

7. Incorporate aerobic and anaerobic cardio.

8. Switch the workout routine every few weeks.

9. Use proper form and technique.

10. Seek adequate rest to avoid overtraining.

Continue ReadingQuick Nutrition and Fitness Tips
  • Post category:Training


image credit: Chicago Tribune

image credit: Chicago Tribune

Enzymes break down carbohydrates into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids. The compounds are absorbed into the blood and distributed to the body’s cells. Our body uses the energy from food to regulate functions such as breathing, body temperature, brain function and circulation. The Basic Metabolic Rate (RMR) is the amount of calories that each person needs for these basic functions. The endocrine system controls the rate and direction of metabolism. The thyroid gland and pancreas secrete hormones that determine how fast or slow the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in our body.

A common misconception related to obesity is that it’s due to a slow metabolism. The truth is, most overweight individuals do not become that way because of a slow metabolism. In fact, studies have shown that obese individuals burn more calories than lean individuals because their bodies need more energy to function. People gain weight because of poor eating habits and low levels of activity. In extremely rare cases, hormonal disorders will slow the metabolism to levels well below normal, causing excessive weight gain. While it’s true that some individuals have a genetic disadvantage that causes them to gain more fat than average individuals, the genes do not cause the fat gain; poor eating habits and inactivity cause fat gain. The key to maintaining proper weight is making healthy eating decisions and controlling portion size.

Age is another misconception with slow metabolism, but this is due to a loss of muscle and not a natural slowing of the metabolism. Lean muscle burns more calories than fat and as we age, we tend to workout less. Regardless of your body composition, there are several ways to increase your metabolism naturally.

• Eat, small frequent meals. When you go a long time in between meals, your body decreases your metabolism to conserve energy and prevent starvation.

• Drink ice water. Calories are burned warming the water to body temperature.

• Interval training. Interval training increases your RMR for the following 24 hours due to post-exercise oxygen consumption.

• Weight training. Muscle burns more calories than fat.

Continue ReadingWhat Exactly is Metabolism?
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The practice of using cold water to treat various ailments and conditions has been used for centuries all over the world.

In ancient times, cold water was used for therapeutic purposes by the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Hippocrates recommended bathing in spring water and the Egyptians were aware of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of cold. Roman baths had a series of heated rooms that culminated in a cold water plunge at the end.

Other cultures, such as Native Americans, Russians and Japanese, have a history of using cold water for health and spiritual cleansing.

Modern day cold water therapy traces back to the 1920’s when a German farmer named Vincenz Priessnitz, developed a new medical treatment called “hydrotherapy.” He turned his family’s property into a sanitarium, and people from all walks of life, including the rich and famous, came in hopes that cold water could cure their ailments. It soon spread to other parts of the world, as medical records reflected the healing benefits of hydrotherapy.

Today, athletes and everyday people are using cold exposure to reap health benefits.

Tips for Getting Started

While there are facilities that offer cold therapy services, such as cryotherapy chambers, the easiest way to get started is free and can be done in the convenience of your own home, just like James Bond.

Start with warm water while you do your normal washing routine. Then gradually make the water colder until it’s as cold as it goes. You want the temperature to be 70 degrees Fahrenheit or colder to get the most benefit. Try to stay in for 30 seconds and work your way up to 5 minutes.

Another method is to take a contrast shower, which is when you go back and forth between hot water and freezing cold water. Spend a minute In hot water then switch it to cold for one minute – repeat this several times.

Continue ReadingBenefits of Cold Water Therapy
The Business of Marathon Racing
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  • Post category:Training


image credit: CNBC

image credit: CNBC

As races are halted and canceled during the pandemic, many local and city municipalities are losing out on millions of dollars from hosting rights. For example, the TCS New York City Marathon brings in $415 million dollars for New York City, and in 2018, charity runners raised a record $40 million. The average runner spends $1,800 per year on running-related items.

Many of the race organizers are small businesses that depend on race registration fees for up to 95% of their revenue. Marathons are relatively inelastic, so if the participation costs go up, participation stays the same. Typical expenses and operating costs include, timing systems, course certifications, bibs, aid station supplies, advertising, paid staff, medical teams, security, t-shirts, and medals.

Given the current pandemic, the future of racing is unclear, but racing companies are looking strategically at increasing health and safety.

Ironman Group CEO, Andrew Messick, said the company is focusing on five key elements:

  1. Density reduction

  2. Minimizing touchpoints with athletes throughout the race

  3. Education and training to make sure people understand best practices

  4. Promoting self-reliance, such as having athletes carry their own nutrition

  5. Increasing pre-race screening

In April, over 500 endurance event operators across the country launched the Endurance Sports Coalition, which is seeking to secure long-term funding for the industry.


image credit: CNBC

image credit: CNBC

Continue ReadingThe Business of Marathon Racing
  • Post category:Training

History

Traditional bicycle pedals have flat platforms and are designed to be used with any type of shoe. These are the kind of pedals that you used when you were growing up. Further innovation led to pedals with toe clips, which are essentially cages that keep your foot in place.

It wasn’t until 1984 when a French company applied snow ski technology to pedals that the modern day clipless pedal system was born. In this system, your feet are locked into place and won’t come off unless you want them to by swinging your heels in a lateral movement to disengage. Bernard Hinault’s victory at the Tour de France in 1985 led to widespread acceptance of the clipless system by cyclists and triathletes around the world.

Clipless pedals have several advantages over traditional, flat pedals.

  • Maximum power transfer

  • Increased pedaling efficiency

  • Reduce slippage in wet conditions

  • Increased stability on uneven terrain

How do they work?

There are three components to the clipless pedal system.

  1. Cleats

  2. Pedals

  3. Cycling Shoes

The cleats are small, separate devices that attach to the soles of the cycling shoes and engage with compatible pedals on the bicycle. They should be positioned to hold the balls of the feet over the pedals and to match your natural foot inclination. Most systems allow some lateral movement called “float,” which helps prevent knee injury caused by misalignment of your foot with your natural leg movement.

To attach the cleat to the shoe, you line up the bolts and tighten with an Allen wrench.

See the diagram below from Shimano.


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Pedals

The platform pedal is designed to work with any type of shoe, but they work better with grippy soles or treads, and are easy to get off of in the event of a crash. These work best for commuters and recreational riders.

The MTB or Mountain Biking pedal works with MTB cycling shoes that allow the rider to disengage from both sides of the pedal. These pedals are smaller than road pedals.

The Road pedal works with road or triathlon cycling shoes and they can only be clipped-in from one side. These pedals have a greater surface area than MTB pedals.


image credit: dedhambike

image credit: dedhambike

Clipless Shoes

  1. MTB (walkable)

    The cleats are recessed into the soles of the cycling shoe. You can clip into either side of the pedal and it’s easier to walk around in them because the cleats do not contact the ground. However, they are bigger and weigh more than road shoes. These are typically used on mountain bikes or for off-road riding.

  2. Road

    Alternatively, the cleats protrude from the bottom of the soles of the cycling shoe. These are single sided so you can only clip in from one direction. They are difficult to walk in, but feature several advantages over MTB shoes such as, lighter weight, increased aerodynamics and better performance.

*Ironically they are called “clipless” pedals because they were proceeded by toe cages, called “clips.” However, they actually “clip-in” to the pedals, similar to a ski binding.


image credit: TriSports

image credit: TriSports

How to Use Them

Clipless pedal systems are intimidating at first, but the performance benefits are substantial and it becomes second nature once you become comfortable with engaging and disengaging your feet from the pedals.

To practice, stand over your bike with one foot planted on the ground. Take the other foot and practice getting your foot in and out of the pedal. You should hear a clicking noise when the shoe is engaged onto the pedal.

Click your right foot into the right pedal and remove it 20 times, then repeat the same process with your left foot. Practice on a soft surface like a lawn if you’re worried about falling over. It should begin to feel easy and natural.

Once you’re comfortable, do a short lap around the block and practice slowing down and getting out of the pedals. Always remove one foot at a time. If you’re at a stop, you only need to disengage one foot to plant it on the ground, while leaving the other foot locked into the pedal. The most common mistake that people make is trying to get your feet out of the pedals by pulling back (the toe clip-in motion) instead of swiveling your heels to the side.

Check out these videos from Global Cycling Network for helpful instructions:

Continue ReadingThe Benefit of Clipless Pedals and How to Use Them
  • Post category:Training

Sometimes it happens after a few miles, sometimes after a lot of miles and sometimes never. It’s that feeling of elation, euphoria, and happiness runners chase called the “runner’s high.” Yet, it’s elusive, as timing and effort is different for everyone, and it happens more frequently in some people than in others.


Illustration by Ward Sutton

Illustration by Ward Sutton

Specifically, it’s that moment during a run when pain and discomfort fades, as every step begins to feel comforting, effortless and peaceful. There’s an overwhelming sense of strength, power and accomplishment that makes you feel like you can keep running forever, along with a sense of focus, where you feel like you’re in control, but time stands still.

What causes it?

The exact reason is still unknown. Scientists are still trying to figure out what causes a runner’s high, but research points to the body’s release of chemicals, including endorphins, and endocannabinoids.

Endorphins

Research initially focused on endorphins, which were once thought to block pain sensations in the brain. In the 1980s, scientists discovered that endorphin levels spiked after prolonged exercise. Recent research suggests that endorphins can’t pass the blood barrier to the brain, so there is no way they could be responsible for triggering a runner’s high. However, endorphins still play a role in preventing muscle pain because they block nerve cells that generate pain signals to the brain. They may serve as natural painkillers, which helped our early ancestors run long distances to chase food for survival.

Endocannabinoids

New studies suggest that chemical compounds called endocannabinoids may play a greater role in the feel-good effects of a runner’s high. Like endorphins, endocannabinoids are biochemical substances produced by the body. They are in the same family as cannabis (marijuana), but these chemicals are released naturally by the body and not acquired from smoking or consuming a drug.

Researchers from the Central Institute of Mental Health in Germany, compared the effects of endorphins and endocannabinoids by blocking the effects of one and then the other. When they blocked the endorphins, the runner’s high remained, however, when they blocked the endocannabinoids, the runner’s high disappeared.

How to Increase Your Chances of Getting a Runner’s High

First, ensure that you are alternating easy days and hard days. Often, runners fall into the habit of hard days and harder days. When that happens, every day blends together with little differentiation, which increases the risk of injury and overtraining.

A short, casual run likely won’t trigger a rush. At the same time, a pace or distance that is too rigorous will cause more discomfort than you can overcome. Opt for a challenging workout (70 to 85 percent of your maximum heart rate) that is at least 30 minutes in duration.

Interestingly, several studies have shown that people who exercise together or listen to their favorite music may spike endorphins.

Lastly, just because it’s called a “runner’s high doesn’t mean that you can’t get it from cycling, rowing, or any high intensity aerobic workout, etc.

Continue ReadingThe Elusive Runner’s High
  • Post category:Training


image credit: Emily Fukunaga

image credit: Emily Fukunaga

Over the last several months, people have been using creative substitutions for exercise equipment. While people are prevented from going to gyms, there are ways to workout at home without any high-tech equipment. One innovator is making it easier to turn your food pantry into dumbbells, with the Makeweight.

The cheap and portable device is designed to hold a can of food on both sides. The creator, Emily Fukunaga, conceived of the idea when she couldn’t find dumbbells online. She invested some of her personal money and also started a Kickstarter campaign to raise money for production.

Continue ReadingThe Soup Can Workout
  • Post category:Training

On today’s ride from John Day, OR to Baker City, OR there were three significant climbs. As one might expect, these were each followed by a significant descent. The three climbs were relatively indistinguishable. Get in the lowest gear, grind away against gravity for an indeterminable length of time, and eventually one is rewarded by attaining the summit. The descents revealed beautiful scenery, verdant forests and distant snow-capped mountains.

The second descent featured something a little different. I leaned forward with my hands in the drops, and pursuant to my usual strategy, when I reached 32 mph I braked down to 27 mph, then released the levers to the pads would cool off. Repeated often, this is a good way to make a mountain descent on good pavement in low traffic.

So when a deer jumped from the woods and ran across the road I was moving somewhere between 27 mph and 32 mph. I hit the brakes but didn’t jam them on (which would have been catastrophic at that speed) and we missed contact by inches. I managed to retain control of the Merlin and therefore avoided what would surely have been a terrible wipeout. The aging amateur biped and the cute little furry quadruped were both very lucky today. Two sentient creatures, each oblivious of the other, narrowly avoided a collision which would surely have caused severe injury to both. I considered just how random this incident was.

As I tackled the third climb I thought of how similarly random a cancer diagnosis can be. During my father’s final 16 years, doctors often told him “You have cancer.” After colon cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer and then another round of colon cancer, he was exhausted when finally he succumbed, though to congestive heart failure rather than cancer. A little girl named Nicole in my son’s fourth grade class was diagnosed with kidney cancer. Both kidneys were both involved and had to be removed. She suffered with dialysis for months, and died when she was just nine years old. Recently I tallied up those in my circle of friends and family who have faced the cancer demons, and found that there have been at least 50 people who have heard those awful words.

******

On August 3 and 4 I will ride with more than 6,000 cyclists in the Pan Mass Challenge, an annual bike tour and fundraiser for Boston’s Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. I have again registered for the longest route, 192 miles from Sturbridge to Provincetown. This will be my 20th year of participation.

The Pan Mass Challenge raises more funds for charity than any other event in the country, more than $650 million dollars since 1980. This has resulted in real benefits to grateful cancer patients and their families. Since 1999, my first year of participation, together we have raised more than $128,000. This year my fundraising goal is $9,000. Fully 100 percent of rider sponsorship dollars go to Dana-Farber. 

In 822 hours we will roll from the parking lot in Sturbridge. Please consider sponsoring me in this event. You can make a safe and secure tax deductible donation at: https://profile.pmc.org/RT0014 

Continue ReadingThe Bambi Incident by Rick Tangard
Set Goals and Accomplish your Dreams
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“Whatever you can do, or dream you can, begin it. Boldness has genius, magic, and power in it.”

–Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe

Motivation

Goals give you something to strive for. They fuel ambition, drive and determination. When you set your mind to something, it creates an unrelenting force and desire to achieve it, as well as positive side effects like respect, pride and honor.

Direction

Without a clear roadmap, your talent and abilities are useless. Goals provide a channel to direct your energy and focus. When you set objectives, you straighten, organize and clarify your purpose in life, and help eliminate waste, laziness and inefficiency.

Confidence

Having a clear purpose builds confidence and self-assurance. Doubt, uncertainty and hesitation are reduced because you know where you’re going and why it’s important. Moreover, learning from past mistakes will make you a wiser and stronger person.

Happiness

The secret to happiness in life is not achievement, award or recognition, but making progress on things you’re passionate about. The impact of your effort and commitment, no matter how big or small, will generate internal satisfaction and fulfillment. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation is directly correlated with happiness. Quite simply, goals give you purpose and reason to live.

Memories

It doesn’t matter whether you succeed or fail, doing something new, challenging and meaningful creates positive memories that will last a lifetime. The journey itself generates satisfaction and that is more powerful than any external stimulus. Plus, the diversity and depth of your experiences will produce continuous positive, internal feelings, as well as external social capital when you share those memories with others.  

“Know what you want to do, hold the thought firmly, and do every day what should be done, and every sunset will see you that much nearer to your goal.”

— Elbert Hubbard

The hardest part like anything else in life is starting. The beginning is where you encounter the most hurdles, biggest obstacles and serious self-doubt, but once you break through the resistance, positive momentum will keep the flame burning. 

“When you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it.”

– Paulo Coelho 

Think of something you want to do, improve on or experience. Potential categories are health and fitness, financial, social, personal development, family, relationship, community, career, character, etc. It doesn’t matter if its short term, long term, big or small. The best place to start is to write down a list of things that are important to you and break them down into main goals and sub-goals.

“Without goals, and plans to reach them, you are like a ship that has set sail with no destination.”

— Fitzhugh Dodson

Make your goals S.M.A.R.T!

Specific: Clearly defined.

Measurable: Criteria to monitor progress toward goal attainment.

Attainable: Achievable, yet challenging.

Realistic: Within available resources, knowledge and time.

Time bound: Linked to a clear time frame that creates a sense of urgency.

Here is an example of a SMART goal that I made in May after registering for an athletic competition.

“I will complete my first 70.3 IRONMAN race in Old Orchard Beach, Maine on August 26, 2017 with a finish time of 5:30 or better by weightlifting 2x, swimming 2x, cycling 3x and running 3x per week over the next three months, in accordance with the workout intensity and volume in my training plan.”

“The rung of a ladder was never meant to rest upon, but only to hold a man’s foot long enough to enable him to put the other somewhat higher.”

— Thomas Henry Huxley

Success Factors

Commitment

Give maximum time, effort and dedication.  

Develop an action plan, timeline and schedule.

Discipline

Take ownership, responsibility and control.

Write goals down; share with family, friends and mentors.

Belief 

Have faith and trust in the purpose, process and your abilities.

Remember the desired outcome and benefits; celebrate small wins.

Self-assessment 

Continuously evaluate your progress and adjust if necessary.

Keep a journal; establish Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

“Anyone can be remarkable, if they have something truly remarkable to do. Set remarkable goals for yourself and get to work on achieving them. Then, watch in amazement as you become remarkable.”

— Marelisa Fábrega

It’s never too late to set new goals and you’re never too old to aspire new dreams or reach new heights. The power of the mind and passion of the heart are stronger and more enduring than any physical ability or single moment in life because a positive attitude, shared with meaningful goals and limitless determination, is a life that knows no failure.

Continue ReadingSet Goals and Accomplish your Dreams
How to Stop a Cold in its Tracks
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Zinc

Zinc works by preventing a type of virus called rhinovirus (a family of more than 100 viruses), from multiplying. It also prevents cold viruses from attaching to cells in the lining of the throat and nose. Lozenges are the best form because it allows zinc to stay in the throat where the cold virus lives. Avoid taking zinc on an empty stomach, as it can trigger nausea. Also, do not eat or drink anything for 30 minutes after you take the zinc.

Oregano Oil

This powerful oil is distilled from leaves of the oregano plant. It contains carvacrol, thymol and rosmarinic acid, which are powerful compounds that have antibacterial, antiseptic and antioxidant properties. Take 1-2 drops under the tongue every few hours or mix 4-5 drops in a glass of orange juice.

Black Elderberry Syrup

Black elderberries have been used for centuries to treat illnesses such as the cold and flu, due to its high flavonoid content and immunostimulant effect. Studies show that it has the capability to reduce the duration of the flu by four days if consumed within 48 hours at the onset of symptoms. Take 1-2 teaspoons per day as a preventative.

Garlic

Garlic is a powerful antioxidant with antimicrobial, antiviral and antibiotic properties. When it is crushed or chewed, it releases allicin which boosts the production of white blood cells that defend against viruses. Regularly eating garlic can help prevent the cold or flu. Unfortunately, to get the best effect you have to eat it raw.

Hydrogen Peroxide

Most viruses enter the body through the ear canals or nose. Hydrogen peroxide can kill colds before they enter your system. Using an eye dropper or cotton swab, put a few drops of hydrogen peroxide in each ear as soon as you feel signs of a cold.

Ginger

The anti-inflammatory properties of gingerols and shaogals in ginger root can help relieve sore throats and kill rhinoviruses. Fresh ginger is most effective. Chop a piece or finely grate it into a cup with hot water, honey and lemon juice.

Manuka Honey

The antibacterial properties of Manuka honey are so powerful that hospitals use it to ward off antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, like MRSA and VRE. It contains more vitamins, amino acids and antioxidants than any other honey in the world, which is probably why it’s the most expensive. For cold and flu symptoms, take 3-4 teaspoons per day.

***This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

Continue ReadingHow to Stop a Cold in its Tracks
What is “Carb-loading?”
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In simple terms, carbohydrate loading or “carb-loading,” is a strategy that endurance athletes, such as runners, cyclists and triathletes use to maximize their performance during a race. It is frequently used for endurance events lasting more than 90 minutes because anything longer will exceed the body’s natural carbohydrate supply. When this happens, athletes commonly “hit the wall,” which is a condition of sudden fatigue and loss of energy. Typically, this occurs in the latter stages of a marathon.

Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients (fat, carbohydrate, protein), that provides the body with fuel for energy. There are copious amounts of fat and protein stored in the body, but only a limited supply of carbohydrate, which is mostly stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen. Consequently, the purpose of carbohydrate loading is to systematically increase the intake of carbohydrates in order to extend the body’s supply beyond its normal threshold. Maximizing the body’s glycogen levels will prolong exercise intensity and duration.

Muscle glycogen levels are normally in the range of 100 – 120 mmol/kg wet weight (ww), but this amount fluctuates depending on your level of activity and nutrition. Yet, it is possible to increase muscle glycogen stores above those levels, to 150 – 200 mmol, through the process of carbohydrate loading. The benefit of maximizing muscle glycogen is that it can improve race performance by 1-3%. Initially this may sound marginal, but when you think about a long distance race that lasts many hours, it can improve finishing time by several minutes.

How much and when? Carbohydrate loading requires approximately 3-4 grams of carbohydrates per pound of body weight per day for three to four days! That’s about 500 to 650 grams of carbohydrates for a 165lb athlete. For reference, a large pasta meal only contains approximately 60 grams of carbohydrates. Hence, the mythical night before race meal is inappropriate and inadequate.

Consuming hundreds of carbohydrates in a single day is actually quite difficult. For that reason, it’s best to include easily digestible foods that are low in fiber, as well as drinks that are not filling. The only negative side effect is increased weight gain due to water retention, but it’s important to remember that this is more than offset by the gain in extra fuel/energy during the race.

Recommended Food for Carbohydrate Loading

• Bread

• Bagels

• Rice

• Cereal

• Sport Drinks

• Fruit Juice

• Bananas

• Pasta

Continue ReadingWhat is “Carb-loading?”
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Stress is the body’s reaction to certain situations that a person perceives as challenging or threatening. Your body responds to stress by releasing chemicals and hormones. Stress can be physical, mental or emotional, and varies from person to person. What is stressful for one person may not be stressful for someone else.

Physical stress: Manual labor, over exercise, poor sleep

Mental stress: Working too much, studying too much, information overload

Emotional stress: Relationship problems, anxiety, fear, anger, grief

Acute stress is short term and goes away quickly, such as running late for work or having an argument with someone. Once the situation resolves, it goes away. In small doses it’s beneficial and can motivate, such as helping you focus to meet a task before a deadline or improving athletic performance.

Chronic stress is long term, as the result of a situation that has not been resolved or continues for an extended period of time, such as financial or marital problems. This type of stress is very harmful to your health and can lead to increased risk of strokes, heart attacks and ulcers.

Interestingly, cultural differences effect how people react to stress. In the United States, a highly individualistic culture, people are more likely hesitant to ask for help because they perceive it as being weak. While in Asian, a highly collectivistic culture, people do not hesitate to ask for help because they see each other as interdependent.

How to manage stress:

  • Support Systems: Connect with others and spend time with family/friends.

  • Exercise: All forms release endorphins that make you feel good.

  • Time Management: Don’t over commit, break down and prioritize tasks.

  • Visualization: Create a mental image of a peaceful setting or environment.

  • Relaxation: Set aside time to rest and relax in your daily schedule.

  • Journal Writing: Express your feelings instead of leaving them bottled up.

  • Nutrition: Eat a healthy and nutritious diet.

Continue ReadingWhat is Stress and How to Manage it
Full Body vs. Split Routines
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Full body workouts involve training all of the major muscle groups in one session, two to three times per week. Split routines involve training 1-2 muscle groups per session, on different days of the week. Split routines are usually high in volume and frequency. Full body workouts tend to be low volume, high intensity and involve mostly compound exercises. Split routines are great for targeting specific muscle groups, to improve weak areas and increase muscle symmetry, but full body routines offer the best overall workout.

The full body workout has been gaining popularity in recent years, as the number of benefits is quickly outpacing the rationale of using split routines.

• Saves time.

• Compound exercises stimulate more muscles.

• Increased recovery time and less risk of overtraining.

• Releases more growth hormones than split training.

• Cardiovascular benefits.

• Burns more calories and increases metabolism.

• Better core development.

• Higher intensity and less fatigue.

• Training is consistent and often, ensuring continuous muscle growth.

• Great for both beginners and advanced individuals.

Here are a few important tips for full body workout routines:

• Aim for 1-2 exercises per muscle group.

• No more than three sets per exercise.

• Choose free weights over resistance machines.

• Use compound exercises.

• Each session should last 45 minutes to an hour.

• Rest at least a day between workouts.

• Change up the routine frequently (exercise, order, reps, etc.)

Continue ReadingFull Body vs. Split Routines

Tapering is the process of reducing training volume, frequency and intensity in the final weeks leading up to a race. The optimal length is 7 days to 3 weeks, depending on the distance of the race. Too short a taper will leave you feeling tired on race day, while tapering too long will lead to a loss of fitness, so it is important to maintain a proper balance.

Below is a list of five common symptoms and treatments.

Phantom Injuries

Symptoms: It never fails. You feel fine during training, but new pains suddenly pop up during the taper period, occurring in the knee, foot, back, hip or any other body part. Why now? Most researchers believe this is part of the body’s normal repair and rejuvenation process that can cause muscle twitches, cramps and even pain, as the body heals. A reduced level of endorphins from a reduction in training volume leads to a lower pain threshold, which is ineffective at masking these symptoms. Furthermore, with anticipation building as the event approaches, you become hyper sensitive to anything related to your ability to perform optimally on race day.

Treatment: Help your muscles and joints recovery with some TLC. Move, stretch and enjoy a massage, hot shower or bath. Use a foam roller or fascia blaster. Try SportVenom Muscle Medicine for a pain relieving, spot treatment.

Mood Swings

Symptoms: Regular aerobic activity boosts the production of serotonin and dopamine in the brain, which are neurotransmitters that regulate mood and drive feelings of calm and happiness. In the build-up to the race, levels of these “feel good” hormones are increasing and bring elevated levels of mood. However, during the taper exercise is reduced drastically and results in a corresponding rapid drop in the production of these mood hormones. Consequently, the brain can’t adapt fast enough to this change and the crash causes feelings of irritability, melancholy and slight depression.

Treatment: Stay away from coffee and alcohol, as these items can exacerbate symptoms. Go for a walk and get some sunlight to help boost your Vitamin D intake, which is a natural serotonin booster. Try an herbal supplement like St. John’s Wort, which has antidepressant effects.

Anxiety and Nerves

Symptoms: A fear of failure leads to anxiety and nervousness. During the taper period questions and doubts are amplified. Did I train enough? Will my phantom injury hurt my performance? Am I losing fitness? I just sneezed, am I catching a cold? Will the weather be nice on race day? Maybe I should squeeze in another workout? These are perfectly normal human reactions and feelings in anticipation to a stressful event, especially one that you’ve been training for months. Plus, anxiety and nerves are amplified due to lower levels of serotonin and dopamine as mentioned above.

Treatment: The power of positive thinking is enormous. Visualize a successful race day, from the moment you wake, to the moment you cross the finish line. Surround yourself with family and friends. Use aromatherapy essential oils like Bergamot, Frankincense and Lavender, which are proven to increase mood and promote calmness. Try SportVenom Muscle Wash or Foot Sauce for a relaxing and therapeutic bath soak to calm your mind and body.

Fatigue and Lethargy

Symptoms: It’s common for athletes to feel tired, sluggish and lethargic during the taper. Less training means more glycogen and water is stored in the muscles. This causes a feeling of heavy legs and general malaise, similar to what it feels like after you eat a big meal. Additionally, the process of muscle and tissue repair at the microscopic level during the taper drains the body’s energy reserves. Even short, easy workouts feel tedious and tiresome.

Treatment: Keep your body loose by doing light workouts, with intermittent bouts at race-pace intensity. Go to bed early and get extra rest in the final week before the race. Try SportVenom Fly Feet, which is made with Peppermint and Eucalyptus, two energizing and invigorating essential oils.

Food Cravings

Symptoms: Stress and anxiety often produce food cravings that push people toward high-fat, sugary foods. For example, the adrenal glands release cortisol, which increases appetite and ramps up motivation to eat. Another problem is the ubiquitous “carb loading” before a race, which is a strategy to maximize muscle glycogen to extend endurance and help prevent hitting the wall. The problem occurs when athletes take this as a free pass to eat anything they want or carbohydrate load for too long. Following your normal diet, combined with a reduction in training volume, should allow for adequate loading, without the need to ingest excessive amounts of additional carbohydrates.

Treatment: Increase protein intake, as this will reduce your appetite and keep you full longer. Drink more water because thirst is often confused with hunger. Satisfy your sweet tooth naturally with a low calorie, all-natural sweetener like Stevia instead of sugar. Replace unhealthy deserts with healthy alternatives, such as yogurt and berries instead of ice cream. Keep your blood sugar stable by eating small, frequent snacks and meals throughout the day.

Continue ReadingTaper Crazies
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Fasting is not a new concept. Early civilizations fasted out of necessity because they didn’t always have something to eat. There were no refrigerator or supermarkets. As a result, humans evolved to be able to function without food for extended periods of time. Later and still to this day, fasting was done for religious or spiritual reasons, including Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Buddhism. More recently, people discovered that fasting can lead to health benefits.

What is intermittent fasting?

To put it simply, it’s an eating schedule where you eat within a specific time period and fast the rest of the time. There are several different methods:

5:2: You eat normally five days a week and the other two days you reduce calories dramatically – no more than 500 to 600.

Eat-stop-eat: You restrict all food for 24 hours, once or twice per week.

16/8: You eat for 8 hours and you fast for 16 hours each day, or a few times per week.

How does it affect your body?

Hormone levels adjust to make stored body fat more accessible for energy, while cells initiate repair processes, such as autophagy, which is when they digest and remove old and dysfunctional proteins. Human growth hormone levels rise and insulin levels go down, resulting in fast loss and muscle gain.

What are the health benefits?

  • Weight loss

  • Increased energy

  • Reduced insulin resistance

  • Improved memory

  • Protection against disease

  • Lower bad cholesterol

  • Heart health

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I drink liquids during the fast?

Yes, as long as they do not contain calories. Water, club soda, coffee, and tea are fine, but do not add sugar or milk.

Can I take vitamins during the fast?

Yes, however, many vitamins are fat-soluble, which means they should be taken with a food source, so it’s a good idea to take them during your eating window with a meal.

Will I lose muscle?

If your total caloric intake remains the same, you will not lose muscle mass.

Can I workout while fasting?

Yes, fasted workouts are encouraged, however, it’s better to time them shortly before your eating window opens so that you replenish your muscle with fuel.

Continue ReadingIntermittent Fasting
The World of Tea
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It originated in Southwest China, where it was used as a medicinal drink. Later, it spread to Europe as merchants introduced it on trade routes. Depending on where you are around the world, it may be pronounced “tea,” “cha,” “Ming,” “te,” or “Chai.”

There are many different types of tea, but believe it or not, it all comes from the same plant, the Camellia sinensis. Like wine, every harvest is different, depending on the soil, climate, temperature and rainfall. However, we can categorize it into five different varieties, based on their level of oxidation.

White tea is the least oxidized, or processed. It is extremely delicate and has a gentle flavor and aroma. The harvest process is very tedious and time consuming, so this tea is generally more expensive than other varieties.     

Green tea is heat processed to prevent further oxidation. There are generally two methods. In China, the leaves are roasted or pan-fired, while in Japan, the leaves are steamed. Chinese green tea is lighter, with a citrus or smoky flavor. Japanese green tea is darker, with a grassy or vegetal flavor.

Oolong tea is semi-oxidized and typically comes from China and Taiwan. Oolong teas have the widest array of flavors and aromas because there are many different ways of harvesting it.

Black tea is the most well-known tea. It is fully oxidized and has a bitter flavor. The most famous black teas come from India and Sri Lanka. Many cultures consume black tea like coffee, with milk and sugar.

Fermented tea is typically called “Pu’er.” It is aged and exposed to microflora and bacteria that allows it to ferment, like wine or yogurt. These teas have a very mellow and earthy flavor profile.

In terms of quantity consumed per person, here is a list of the top ten countries that consume tea:

  • Turkey

  • Ireland

  • United Kingdom

  • Russia

  • Morocco

  • New Zealand

  • Egypt

  • Poland

  • Japan

  • Saudi Arabia 

Tea has a host of benefits. Most prominently, it has a high concentration of antioxidants that can help prevent cancer by fighting free radicals and decreasing cell damage in the body. It may also help prevent clogging of the arteries, burn fat, improve energy and focus, reduce oxidative stress on the brain, lower bad “LDL” cholesterol and reduce the risk of stroke and neurological disorders. 

While tea bags are common and easy, its best to brew tea using loose leaves. You can pick them up online or at any number of tea stores that have popped up in recent years. All you need is a steeper to strain the leaves and hot water.

Continue ReadingThe World of Tea
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Baseball: .046 miles

Football: 1.25 miles for receivers and cornerbacks

Basketball: 2.9 miles

Tennis: 3 miles

Field Hockey: 5.6 miles

Soccer: 7 miles

Each sport uses the body’s three different energy systems to various degrees. What are the three systems?

Phosphagen

This system does not require oxygen and it is activated when there is a sudden increase in energy demand, such as when you initially start running or swing a baseball bat. It provides the largest burst of energy, but it’s very limited in supply, lasting only seconds. It relies on creatine phosphate for energy production.

Glycolysis

This system doesn’t require oxygen either and it is activated after the body uses up its phosphate supply. It provides enough energy for activities that last 1 to 3 minutes in duration. Glucose (sugar) is converted to ATP, which fuels the muscles. It produces a waste product called lactic acid, when the body cannot keep up with its energy demand. When lactic acid accumulates in blood, muscles begin to fatigue and performance is diminished.

Aerobic

This system relies on oxygen and it’s activated during periods of low energy demand. The power generated is less than the other two systems, but this system is more efficient. The body relies on fat and oxygen for fuel when this system is activated. Essentially, the body has unlimited supply of oxygen and fat, so this energy system can sustain athletes for long distance sports, such as marathons.

Even though we have three different energy systems, they all work together simultaneously. Below is a breakdown that shows what percentage of each system is used during various sporting activities.

Continue ReadingWhat Sport Runs the Most?